Python Advanced

🧠 Welcome to Python Advanced! You’ve built a solid foundation—now it’s time to tackle more complex and powerful concepts. In this section, we’ll explore Functions, Objects, and Import Statements. These advanced tools will help you write modular, reusable, and robust code — crucial skills for any serious programmer or Data Scientist. Let’s take your Python skills to the next level!

Summary Table

Summary of the Python Advanced section.

Concept	Example	Description
Basic function	def my_function():	Define a reusable block of code
Parameters	def my_function(param):	Input values to the function
Return values	return value	Send a result back to the caller
Default values	def my_function(param="default"):	Provide fallback values for parameters
Keyword arguments	my_function(arg2="value", arg1="val")	Pass arguments by name
*args	def my_function(*args):	Handle multiple positional arguments
**kwargs	def my_function(**kwargs):	Handle multiple named keyword arguments
Multiple return values	return val1, val2	Return several values as a tuple
Class definition	class MyClass:	Blueprint for creating objects
Object creation	obj = MyClass()	Instantiate an object from a class
__init__ method	def __init__(self, ...)	Set up initial object state
Attributes	self.attribute	Store data in the object
Methods	def my_method(self):	Function that operates on object data
self keyword	self.value = value	Refers to the current instance of the class
Class vs. instance attr	MyClass.attr, self.attr	Shared by all objects vs. unique per instance
Inheritance	class SubClass(SuperClass):	Derive one class from another
super()	super().__init__(...)	Call a method from the parent class
Object identity	obj1 == obj2	Compare references vs. internal values
Basic import	import module	Load an entire module
Import specific parts	from module import item1, item2	Bring in only selected functions, classes, etc.
Aliasing	import module as alias	Rename a module or function for convenience
Aliased import (partial)	from module import item as alias	Rename a specific item during import
Wildcard import	from module import *	Import everything from a module (not recommended)
Custom module import	import mymodule	Import your own Python files as modules
Conditional import	if condition: import module	Load a module only when needed
Import error	import nonexistent	Happens when module or item is not found